浅析以法律形式控制网络军备竞赛的必要性

网络战是近年来全球军事界相当热的话题,其作为一种全新概念的组织机构,已经开始登上了军事舞台。美国、韩国等国家先后宣布组建网络司令部,引起了全球网络军备竞赛的热潮。文章探讨网络军备竞赛的发展现状和特点,分析以法律形式进行控制的必要性,能够全面系统的了解网络军备竞赛所带来的严重危害,为控制军备竞赛的对策和决策提供一些建议。     

Estimating failure time distribution and its parameters based on intermediate data from a Wiener degradation model

Instead of measuring a Wiener degradation or performance process at predetermined time points to track degradation or performance of a product for estimating its lifetime, we propose to obtain the first‐passage times of the process over certain nonfailure thresholds. Based on only these intermediate data, we obtain the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator and uniformly most accurate confidence interval for the mean lifetime. For estimating the lifetime distribution function, we propose a modified maximum likelihood estimator and a new estimator and prove that, by increasing the sample size of the intermediate data, these estimators and the above‐mentioned estimator of the mean lifetime can achieve the same levels of accuracy as the estimators assuming one has failure times. Thus, our method of using only intermediate data is useful for highly reliable products when their failure times are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we show that the proposed new estimator of the lifetime distribution function is more accurate than the standard and modified maximum likelihood estimators. We also obtain approximate confidence intervals for the lifetime distribution function and its percentiles. Finally, we use light‐emitting diodes as an example to illustrate our method and demonstrate how to validate the Wiener assumption during the testing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Determination of burn‐in parameters and residual life for highly reliable products

Today, many products are designed and manufactured to function for a long period of time before they fail. Determining product reliability is a great challenge to manufacturers of highly reliable products with only a relatively short period of time available for internal life testing. In particular, it may be difficult to determine optimal burn‐in parameters and characterize the residual life distribution. A promising alternative is to use data on a quality characteristic (QC) whose degradation over time can be related to product failure. Typically, product failure corresponds to the first passage time of the degradation path beyond a critical value. If degradation paths can be modeled properly, one can predict failure time and determine the life distribution without actually observing failures. In this paper, we first use a Wiener process to describe the continuous degradation path of the quality characteristic of the product. A Wiener process allows nonconstant variance and nonzero correlation among data collected at different time points. We propose a decision rule for classifying a unit as normal or weak, and give an economic model for determining the optimal termination time and other parameters of a burn‐in test. Next, we propose a method for assessing the product's lifetime distribution of the passed units. The proposed methodologies are all based only on the product's initial observed degradation data. Finally, an example of an electronic product, namely contact image scanner (CIS), is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

Finding the Kth shortest path in a time‐schedule network

We consider the problem of finding the Kth shortest path for a time‐schedule network, where each node in the network has a list of prespecified departure times, and departure from the node can take place only at one of these departure times. We develop a polynomial time algorithm independent of K for finding the Kth shortest path. The proposed algorithm constructs a map structure at each node in the network, using which we can directly find the Kth shortest path without having to enumerate the first K − 1 paths. Since the same map structure is used for different K values, it is not necessary to reconstruct the table for additional paths. Consequently, the algorithm is suitable for directly finding multiple shortest paths in the same network. Furthermore, the algorithm is modified slightly for enumerating the first K shortest paths and is shown to have the lowest possible time complexity under a condition that holds for most practical networks. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

微分方程的有界性与概周期解的存在性

本文考虑高维非自治概周期系统ｄｘｄｔ＝ｆ（ｔ,ｘ）,利用对ｘ的分量分组构造Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ函数的方法讨论了其概周期解的存在性。所得结果去掉了文献中系统存在有界解的假设,得到了比较明显的改进。     

超声波辅助微波消解预处理测量污泥金属元素

以实验室污泥和污水厂污泥为研究对象,建立了超声波辅助微波消解预处理测量污泥金属元素的方法与程序。首先通过超声波分散污泥絮体,然后对污泥进行加热预处理和微波消除,最后采用火焰原子吸收法测量污泥中的金属元素。结果表明,150 W超声波作用于25 mL污泥3 min为超声波分散污泥的较优条件,能保证后续操作过程取样均匀。微波消解前适宜的加热预处理条件为90℃,20 min。实验室污泥微波消解的较优酸体系为2 mL双氧水＋4 mL反王水（或4 mL王水）;污水厂污泥微波消解的较优酸体系为1 mL氢氟酸＋2 mL双氧水＋4 mL王水,同时,第3阶段消解条件为压强2.0 MPa下消解20 min。超声波辅助微波消解预处理具有用酸量少、简易快捷、准确度和精密度高等优点,测量K,Ca,Mg,Fe的相对标准偏差≤2.75%,加标回收率为97.5%～102%。     

最小费用树

本文在赋边权w和顶点权θ的网络中,建立了最小费用树问题的网络模型。文中对问题的复杂性进行了讨论并给出了求解问题的算法     

随机环境中的M/MY/1排队系统

文献［４］讨论了随机环境中的Ｍ／Ｍ／１排队模型，本文提出和讨论随机环境中的Ｍ／Ｍｙ／１排队模型，在统计平衡条件下给出了队长和等待队长的平稳分布以及平均队长和平均等待队长，得到了等待时间和逗留时间分布以及平均等待时间和平均逗留时间。     

提高再入点精度的末助推级制导方法

本文将需要速度运用于导弹助推级以提高导弹的再入点精度,为再入机动及末制导提供较好的初始条件。文中还考虑到为调整推力方向进行姿态控制的工程可实现性。     

机械振动特征分析中的信号处理技术与微机特征分析系统

文中指出抑制阶比混迭和泄漏是建立一套完整的微机特征分析系统中需要解决的二个关键的信号处理问题。提出了阶比滤波器是抑制阶比混迭有效和实用的方法;并研制频率比合成器以抑制泄漏。介绍了由频率比合成器、阶比滤波器、TMS32010数据采集装置、主机和绘图仪所组成的微机特征分析系统。最后给出了该微机特征分析系统对轴承进行故障诊断的结果。